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Criminal jurisdiction, exercised by the consul and the consular courts, continued until 1937, when the regime of the capitulations was abolished.

The criminal files, arranged chronologically, are therefore very numerous and constitute, together with civil matters, the core of the consular archive of Alexandria, Egypt.

Like the civil case files, the criminal case files are organised chronologically by year and precisely identified by a sequential file number. The numbering indicates gaps (lost and/or incomplete files).

The scope of criminal jurisdiction is determined by articles 112, 113 and 114 of the Consular Law of 1866, which provide that:

• the consul acts as judge of misdemeanours committed by Italians within the consular district or on board merchant vessels flying the national flag (art. 112);
• consular courts act as judges of offences committed by Italians within the consular district or on board merchant vessels flying the national flag (art. 113);
• and the Assize Courts of Ancona and Genoa (Ancona for Egypt) have jurisdiction over the trial of crimes (art. 114).